Antenna input circuits



June 20, 1950 J. s. COHEN ANTENNA INPUT CIRCUITS original Filed-June 25, 1'94'1 1N V EN TOR. JEFFREY s. COHEN. BY

K f. n /I A f, O

Patented June 20, 1950 Avco -Manufacturing Corporation, Cincinnati, -Ohio, a. corporation of Delaware `Original application J une 25, .f 1947, .-SeriaL No.

.Il The present inventionrelates-generally to elec- 1 tromagnetic wave-energy z receivers, Y particularly `to radio. receiving `-systems rand: whileit has a V-considerable:range (1f-prospective commercial ap- --plicationsfit isyparticularly useful in receivers of tha type :suitablefv-forseither frequency modulation (FMiorshort-wave (AM) signal; reception. .This apparatus is aAl division-of my 'co-*pending patent fapplicationpSerial fNo. 156,992; filed in the United@ States'rBa-tent .-Oiiice ron yJ une `25, y1947, entitled AntennafiLnputCircuits vand assigned toF the same. vassignee-as the-present application and' invention. .P -In-:that application I claimsubrf-jectmatterrnotehereinclaimed. y

The prior-:artsembraces such Ussfpatents as Landonand Reid 2,110,159, -VonfArco and Meiss- -f ner 1,795,689A and-.Whee1er 230925709, which disclose aknowntype-of antenna` that islcapablef of f wherein the `dipoledsa-coupled :to a balanced fre- -quency-converting or'mixer rcircuit.

' The.` circuits-shown; in` that application" include a high-frequency@antennaf` input transformer, lits f -primary'balancedvto ground; and a-loW-frequency 4--inputtransformer .-with `its-` primary-unbalanced Yto ground. z' Thefrprimary fci-rcuitof the low-fre- -groundandv af'centertap-*ony the vprimary Aof the rl'iighefrequency .-input transformer: accordance 'withfthewpresent-'invention I-A arrange frequency-'converting means `to convert the high Divided and zths. application .111155.8, 1948, Serial No'. 37,579

1 Claim. (Cl. Z50-20) tuned band-pass filter having a double-humped relatively flat-'topped response characteristic.

Itis anobjectof the invention to provide,r in a wave-signal translating system for signals within i two distinct frequency bands, one' denominated a high-'frequency band and the other denominated a low-frequency band, a pair of input transformers, one` being designed for balanced operation over the, high-frequency band and the other being designed for unbalanced operation over the low-frequencyba'nd, a frequency converter for convertinglthe high-frequency signals into'intermediate'frequency signals at approximately the center, .of the low-frequency band, means for'resonating' the primary of .said lowfrequency transformer at approximately the center of said low-frequencyband, and means for connectingthe resonant circuit. formed` by said primary and said resonating means between a tap on the primaryof said high-frequency transcuitperforms. the functions, during high frequency operation, ofa ,wave-trap for signals of intermediate-frequency, and during low-frequency operation,`of a voltage amplier. for lowfrequency signals.

Another object of the. present invention is to utilize the components'ofvthe tuned lprimary circuit of the low-frequency inputtransformer to perform theA additional functionjof rejecting intermediate-frequency signals during high-frequency operation.

For a better understanding of the/present invention,.together witnother and further objects,

- advantages andcapabilities.4 thereof, reference is made to the` accompanyingdrawing, in which l "frequencyi'signals't (FM)v` fintoy intermediate fre- "quency signals having -a'frequency at 'or' near the 'e .center of 'the band'of' the'ioW-frequency signals WAM). Then.Isso.;arrange'l theprimary circuit of 3' the low-frequency'transformer .that'it functions, during lower-band'freception; and-:in vconjunction with its secondaryr'as"afvoltagamplifier :forY the low frequency.signalsr'sbeingrxedrtuned;fat or near the centenothei' lo'wfrequencybandp and during higherf'ba'nd: recepticnfas a' `reject'orior the intermediate-frequency signal'sf. ,'Ihe'secondary of the closely couplecrlower-bandtransformer is'also tuned to a frequencyfatfor near'the center "of the low-frequency band: wherebyl theslower band transformercircuitunctionsas a double upper-band,intermediateffrequency rejector and tuned lower-band,- antenna vinput .circuit in` accordance withfthe invention.. These features are 3 107.9 mc.) or short-wave (AM) broadcast reception (9.45 to 11.9 mc.).

For the interception of electromagnetic-wave energy there is provided an antenna I0, adapted to function as a dipole during reception of frequency-modulation (FM) signals. This antenna is connected by a pair of conductors to the terminals of the primary I2 of a balanced input transformer I4. This primary is a reactance or inductance in the form of a simple coupling loop. The primary and secondary are electrostaticaliy shielded from each other by a grounded shield I5. The secondary I6 comprises two loop or inductance portions I1 and I8, conductively joined at a center tap 21.

The primary I2 is tuned to resonance at approximately the center frequency of the FM band, 98 megacycles, by a capacitor I9 shunted across the primary, and the secondary I6 is tuned to approximately the same frequency by a capacitor ii, shunted across the secondary. Transformer I4 is over coupled so as to pass the entire 20 mc. wide FM band.

The output from transformer I4 constitutes the received FM signal input applied to the control electrode circuit of a mixer or converter tube 2I.

A conventional local oscillator 31 may be employed to generate high-frequency signals which are `also applied to an input circuit of the conf verter and therein beat against the received FM signal input to develop intermediate-frequency signals, in accordance with a heterodyne process weil known to the art. Units 2l and 31 are so arranged that the I. F. signals produced during FM reception have a frequency approximately in the center of the AM band, at 10.7 megacycles,

say.

One important problem solved by the invention claimed in my said co-pending application is the prevention of radiation from the antenna of sis'- nals from the local oscillator, while permitting both the received Isignal input and the local oscillator signals to be applied to the mixer stage without the intervention of a radio-frequency ampliier. In successfully solving this problem, the circuit of secondary I6 is arranged as a balanced bridge, one branch of which comprises an inductive reactance or winding I1, capacitor 24 and the input impedance of vacuum tube 2 I, and the other branch of which includes an inductive reactance or winding I8, `a, resistor 22 and a capacitor 23, comprising a d-ummy load.

Capacitor 23 is placed in circuit between ground and the junction of capacitor and winding I3 in order to balance the capacitance 24 and the input capacitance of tube 2l to ground. The cathode-control grid interelectrode capacitance of tube 2I and grid capacitor 24 are serially arranged in circuit between ground and the junction of capacitor 20 and Winding I?. rIhe dummy load resistor 22 is shunted across Winding I8. Windings or reactances I1 and I8 are ratio arms of the bridge. The third arm is effectively the input impedance of tube 2I. The fourth arm is effectively the dummy load. Grid resistor 25 is connected between a suitable source of automaticvolume control bias (not shown) and the junction of capacitor 24 and the grid. Primary I2 and secondary I6 are `magnetically coupled but capacity coupling therebetween is prevented in this illustrative embodiment by the shield I5.

The signals from local oscillator 31 are applied through coupling capacitor 26 to the center tap 21 between windings I1 and I8 or some equivalent potential point, thus being impressed between center tap and ground. Such equivalent potential point could be provided in other ways, such, for example, as by substituting two capacitors in series for capacitor 20, and by connecting the lead from condenser 26 to the junction of those capacitors. The local oscillator signals appearing in winding l1 are equal in magnitude and opposite in phase to those appearing in winding I8 and since oscillator currents in windings I1 and I8 are applied in opposition to 'primary I2, no currents are induced in primary I2 by the local oscillator signals. Magnetic flux interlinkages tending to induce undesired voltages by secondary action on primary I2 are canceled out. In other words, the coupling to the primary I2 is balanced out, so far as the oscillator is concerned, and radiation of the local oscillator signals from the antenna system is suppressed and prevented. This is accomplished by adjusting capacitor 23 for a voltage null across the antenna terminals, the oscillator voltages applied to ratio arms I1 and I8 then being equal and opposite in phase. Viewed in another way, the oscillator currents are degrees phase-split and fboth portions are applied in opposition to primary I2.

In accordance with the present invention, a double-tuned band pass antenna input circuit for AM signals, novel in respects hereinafter pointed out, is provided. Specifically, a tuned primary circuit comprising Winding 28 and capacitor 28 in one branch,` and capacitor 30 in a parallel branch, is interposed between a center tap on primary I2 and ground. The series-resonant circuit 28, 29 effectively grounds the center tap of primary I2 for the FM intermediate frequency signals. Capacitor 3u grounds the center tap of primary I 2 for radio frequency input signals during FM operation. It will be noted that the output of the mixer stage including tube 2| is coupled to an intermediate-frequency amplifier 3|. The output signals of the mixer stage are of the intermediate frequency, say 10.7 megacycles, for FM operation.

It is well known to those skilled in the art that strong signals of intermediate-frequency from undesired station-s may be picked up by the transmission line Illa connecting the dipole antenna I0 to the input transformer I4. Such signals would be amplied by tube 2I and would impair reception in the absence of a rejection circuit. 1n-

terference of this type is reduced on the FM band by arranging the primary antenna input side of the input circuit so as to present a low impedance for signals of intermediate frequency. The two sides of the transmission line I 0a are effectively tied together at intermediate frequencies by coil I2 which represents a very low impedance at intermediate frequencies. Thus, in the Fig. l system, industance 28 and capacitor 29 are in series resonance at the intermediate frequency for FM operation and attentuate intermediate frequency signals picked up on the transmission lines Illa. The double-tuned band pass antenna input circuit is novel in the respect, among others, that its elements 28 and 29 perform this important function during FM operation. The primary circuit 28, 29, 30 of the lowband input network is tuned to the center of the AM band, i. e., to 10.7 mc., approximately half way between 9.45 and 11.9 mc. This circuit also performs another function hereinbelow described.

The FM operation of the circuits just described is next considered. The balanced half-wave dipole I0 intercepts electromagnetic wave energy nals outsiderthe 'FM band. lv`r#Aint-he same-time undesired radiation; of;theflocaloscillator signals is prevented, in accordance ,with the invention de- .,...scribed in.my said co-peri'ding application. Were "theflast-mentionedsignals`notattenuated,'as seeriI by the antenna, they would cause interference with other receivers in the vicinity. The mixer stage including tube 2| ampliies and converts the received FM signals to signals of intermediate frequency, say 10.7 megacycles.

The I. F. signal output of tube 2| is applied to the intermediate frequency amplifier 3| in any conventional manner. It Will be understood that the units (not shown) in cascade with and following unit 3| may constitute the usual remaining units of a superheterodyne FM receiver: one or more I. F. stages, a discriminator, an audio amplier, a power amplifier, and a loud speaker or transducer. It Will also be understood that appropriate I. F. stages and so on are provided for AM operation, in cascade with unit 2 l. Such stages are not herein claimed and are well known to those skilled in the art, so they are not shown herein.

Before considering the short-wave (AM) operation of the Fig. 1 system, certain other circuit elements will be described. The double-tuned, high gain, band pass antenna input circuit transformer 35 comprises also a secondary 35, tuned by a capacitor 33 in shunt therewith. The primary 28 and secondary 32 are inductively overcoupled and so arranged that the two spaced secondary response peaks occur at 31 and 25 meters, say. The AM band covers the 31 meter and 25 meter international SW broadcast stations.

Resistor 34, between winding l2 and ground, simply functions as a static leak to bleed oil antenna charges to ground.

Coming now to the AM operation of the abovedescribed system, it will be observed that the antenna terminal of the double-tuned input transformer circuit including elements 28, 29 and 39 is connected to the center of primary l2. The dipole I functions during AM operation as a ilattop or T-type antenna, with both conductor portions in parallel, the impedance of primary l2 being very low at that frequency range. The intercepted wave energy is applied to the primary of input transformer 35, and voltage-amplied before application to the control electrode of tube 2|. The signal currents flow through the series circuit 28, 29 rather than capacitor 35i, since the series circuit presents a relatively low impedance path. Antenna I0 automatically functions as a dipole for upper band reception and as a Ttype antenna for lower band reception, without requiring any mechanical antenna switch contacts.

For AM operation a double-pole double throw switch 36 is so set as to couple the secondary circuit of transformer 35 to the input circuit of tube 2 I. (For FM operation, the switch is so set that the secondary circuit of transformer 4 is coupled to the input circuit of tube 2 Oscillator 3l may have two ungrounded terminals, one for FM operation and the other for AM operation. During AM operation transformer I4 and the high frequency oscillator terminals of unit 37 are in open-circuit relation to tube 2| and the switch 36 couples the lower-frequency oscillator terminals to the input of tube 2 `ceived signa-l" voltage -andrfej ects undesired= Sig- The followingillustrative -circuit parameters,

,alsodiscloseddnmy:said-co-pending application,

l 'Element l Date 30 mmf., 500 volts, mica 1000 ohms, watt mmf., 300 volts, ceramic 3-30 mmf.

1 megohm, )5 watt Type 6AC7 10.7 megacycles SS-lOBmegacycles 5825 kilocycles from first converter 9.45 to 11.97 megacycles Primary U-shaped piece #14 B & S gauge wire, across U, diameter o secondary loops, dia. #14 B & S gauge, each secondary loop spaced about l from either sido of the primary. 1

Primary 19% turns #30 wire, Secondary turns #30 Wire,.Fcrm diameter-$6, Winding pitch 56 turns/inch, Spacing Pri/Sec.1 turn.

Transformer 35.--.-

While there has been shown and described what is at present considered the preferred form of the invention and the best mode of applying its principles, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of equivalents may be made without departing from the true scope of the invention. It is accordingly intend-ed, in the appended claims, to cover all Such changes, equivalents and proper substitutes as fairly fall within the true scope of the invention and outside the scope of the prior art. Such a construction of the claims is asked as will best protect the true invention and 'afford the inventor and his assignees the benet of a lawful and proper range of equivalents commensurate with the state of the art and this contribution thereto.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

In a wave signal receiving system for signals within the short wave broadcast band extending from 9.45 to 11.9 megacycles and the standard frequency modulation broadcast band extending from 88 to 108 megacycles, the combination of a dipole antenna, a high-frequency transformer having a center-tapped primary and a secondary, said primary being connected to said dipole, means for resonating said primary and said secondary at the center of the upper band, whereby said transformer vand said means comprise a double-tuned acceptor network for the upper band, a low-frequency transformer having a primary and a secondary, a capacitor for resonating the low-frequency primary at 10.7 megacycles, means for connecting said capacitor and the primary of said low-frequency transformer in series between the center tap on said high-frequency primary and ground, means for resonating the secondary of the low-frequency transformer at 10.7 megacycles, whereby said low-frequency transformer and said means comprise an acceptor network for the lower band, a frequency changing circuit for converting upper band signals into intermediate frequency signals of 10.7 megacycles, and switching means for selectively coupling either of said acceptor circuits to said frequency changing circuit, said low-frequency transformer and capacitor providing a rejector circuit for said intermediate frequency signals by grounding the center tap of the high frequency primary during reception of upper-band signals.

JEFFREY S. COHEN.

(References on following page) v 7 1 AREFERENCES CITED Number The following references are of record in the file of thls patent. 21295583 UNITED STATES PATENTS M 5 2,295,408 Number Name Date 2,441,028

2,062,956 Albright Dec. 1, 1936 2,092,709 Wheeler Sept. '7, 1937 2,115,655 Thompson Apr. 26, 1938 Number 2,131,976 639,225

Schaper Oct. 4, 1938, 10

8 l Name Date. Lundhal Jan. 10,k 1939 Landon Jan. 6, 1942 Carlson Sept. 8, 1942 Koch Sept. 8, 1942 Matthews May 4, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Country yDate France Mar. 6, V1928 

